{"id":11869,"date":"2026-02-13T10:35:23","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T08:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apador.org\/?page_id=11869"},"modified":"2026-02-20T09:38:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T07:38:04","slug":"ce-sunt-drepturile-omului","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/ce-sunt-drepturile-omului\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce sunt drepturile omului"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/apador.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11869\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-ro\" title=\"Rom\u00e2n\u0103\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Drepturile omului<\/strong> au un \u00eenceput care se pierde \u00een istorie. Repere istorice deosebit de importante sunt:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><em>\u201cDeclara\u021bia de independen\u021b\u0103 a Statelor Unite ale Americii\u201d (Declaration of independence)<\/em> adoptat\u0103 la 4 iulie 1776 de Congresul celor 13 state (colonii britanice) din America de Nord, care \u015fi-au declarat independen\u0163a fa\u0163\u0103 de Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii.<\/li>\n<li><em>&#8220;Declara\u0163ia drepturilor omului \u015fi ale cet\u0103\u0163eanului&#8221; (D\u00e9claration des Droits de l&#8217;Homme et du Citoyen)<\/em> a Adun\u0103rii Na\u0163ionale Franceze din 26 august 1789, rod al Revolu\u0163iei Franceze. Exist\u0103 opinii, credibile, \u00een sensul c\u0103 aceast\u0103 Declara\u0163ie s-a inspirat, \u00eentr-o oarecare m\u0103sur\u0103, din Declara\u021bia de independen\u021b\u0103 a Statelor Unite, care avea deja o \u201cvechime\u201d de 13 ani fa\u0163\u0103 de data Revolu\u0163iei Franceze.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aceste dou\u0103 Declara\u0163ii sunt cele care au pus bazele democra\u0163iei moderne din lume. Evolu\u0163ia drepturilor omului a fost mult mai accelerat\u0103 \u015fi mai substan\u0163ial\u0103 \u00een secolul XX, \u00een str\u00e2ns\u0103 rela\u0163ie \u015fi cu \u015focul produs na\u0163iunilor de efectele celor dou\u0103 conflagra\u0163ii mondiale.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-106\" src=\"https:\/\/apador.org\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/zid.jpg\" alt=\"zid\" width=\"740\" height=\"489\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div  class=\"togglecontainer   toggle_close_all  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr \" >\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#drepturi-universale\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"drepturi-universale-container\">Universale<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"drepturi-universale-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>\u00cen anul 1948, la scurt timp dup\u0103 terminarea celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, Adunarea General\u0103 a ONU a adoptat <strong>Declara\u0163ia Universal\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului<\/strong>. Ea con\u0163ine, \u00eempreun\u0103, at\u00e2t drepturi din categoria celor <em>civile<\/em> \u015fi <em>politice<\/em> c\u00e2t \u015fi drepturi din categoria celor <em>economice<\/em>, <em>sociale<\/em> \u015fi <em>culturale<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Exemple de <strong>drepturi civile<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>politice<\/strong>: dreptul la via\u0163\u0103, la libertate, interzicerea sclaviei, a torturii, a pedepselor sau tratamentelor crude, inumane sau degradante, interzicerea discrimin\u0103rii, prezum\u0163ia de nevinov\u0103\u0163ie, protec\u0163ia vie\u0163ii private, dreptul la proprietate, dreptul la libertatea g\u00e2ndirii, de con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi religie, dreptul la libertatea opiniilor \u015fi exprim\u0103rii, dreptul la libertatea de \u00eentrunire \u015fi de asociere pa\u015fnic\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Exemple de <strong>drepturi economice<\/strong>, <strong>sociale<\/strong> \u015fi <strong>culturale<\/strong>: dreptul la securitate social\u0103, dreptul la munc\u0103, la libera alegere a muncii sale, la condi\u0163ii echitabile \u015fi satisf\u0103c\u0103toare de munc\u0103, precum \u015fi la ocrotirea \u00eempotriva \u015fomajului, dreptul la salariu egal pentru munc\u0103 egal\u0103, dreptul la odihn\u0103, recrea\u0163ie \u015fi la concedii periodice pl\u0103tite, dreptul la un nivel de trai care s\u0103 asigure s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u015fi bun\u0103starea, dreptul la \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103tur\u0103, dreptul de a lua parte \u00een mod liber la via\u0163a cultural\u0103 a colectivit\u0103\u0163ii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Este de men\u0163ionat c\u0103 at\u00e2t drepturile civile \u015fi politice, c\u00e2t \u015fi drepturile economice, sociale \u015fi culturale fac parte din categoria drepturilor omului. \u00cen doctrin\u0103, se face totu\u015fi o diferen\u0163\u0103 \u00eentre aceste dou\u0103 categorii, \u00een sensul c\u0103 drepturile civile \u015fi politice sunt drepturi de prim\u0103 genera\u0163ie (pentru c\u0103, istoric vorbind, au fost primele care s-au impus, de partea individului, \u00een opozi\u0163ie cu puterile absolute ale statului), pe c\u00e2nd celelalte drepturi sunt de a doua genera\u0163ie, \u00eentruc\u00e2t au ap\u0103rut mai t\u00e2rziu, dup\u0103 prima categorie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Drepturile civile \u015fi politice sunt cele care asigur\u0103 o dezvoltare democratic\u0103 a societ\u0103\u0163ii sub aspectul laturii politice, iar drepturile economice, sociale \u015fi culturale asigur\u0103 dezvoltarea democra\u0163iei pe latura economic\u0103\/social\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aceast\u0103 Declara\u0163ie Universal\u0103 nu are \u00eens\u0103 for\u0163a juridic\u0103, ci numai moral\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t nu a fost semnat\u0103 \u015fi ratificat\u0103 de state \u00een conformitate cu procedurile de adoptare a conven\u0163iilor \u015fi tratatelor interna\u0163ionale, care au for\u0163\u0103 juridic\u0103 obligatorie pentru statele p\u0103r\u0163i la ele.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De aceea, \u00een anul 1966, s-a procedat la ini\u0163ierea a dou\u0103 pacte interna\u0163ionale care au fost supuse semn\u0103rii \u015fi ratific\u0103rii de c\u0103tre statele p\u0103r\u0163i, state care, prin procedura ratific\u0103rii (aprobarea pactului printr-o lege intern\u0103, na\u0163ional\u0103), \u015fi-au asumat obliga\u0163ia juridic\u0103 de a respecta acele pacte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen 1966 au fost adoptate de ONU, prin aceea\u015fi rezolu\u0163ie, <strong>Pactul interna\u0163ional cu privire la drepturile civile \u015fi politice<\/strong> (care con\u0163ine \u015fi dezvolt\u0103 drepturile civile \u015fi politice prev\u0103zute \u00een Declara\u0163ia Universal\u0103 din 1948) \u015fi <strong>Pactul interna\u0163ional cu privire la drepturile economice, sociale \u015fi culturale<\/strong> (care con\u0163ine \u015fi dezvolt\u0103 drepturile economice, sociale \u015fi culturale prev\u0103zute \u00een Declara\u0163ia Universal\u0103 din 1948). Ambele pacte au intrat \u00een vigoare dup\u0103 10 ani de la adoptare, \u00een anul 1976, doar dup\u0103 ce au fost ratificate de 35 de state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fiind pacte interna\u0163ionale adoptate de ONU, de respectarea lor se ocup\u0103 ONU.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Astfel, \u00een cazul <em>Pactului interna\u0163ional cu privire la drepturile civile \u015fi politice<\/em>, exist\u0103 \u00een cadrul ONU <strong>Comitetul pentru drepturile omului<\/strong>, c\u0103ruia i se pot adresa pl\u00e2ngeri individuale \u00een cazul \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rii de c\u0103tre autorit\u0103\u0163ile statale a drepturilor prev\u0103zute \u00een pact. De asemenea, comitetul poate fi sesizat \u015fi de un stat \u00een cazul un care un alt stat nu \u00ee\u015fi respect\u0103 obliga\u0163iile din pact. Comitetul intr\u0103 \u00een dialog cu statul \u00eempotriva c\u0103ruia a fost formulat\u0103 sesizarea, care va trebui s\u0103 prezinte o explica\u0163ie \u015fi s\u0103 indice, dac\u0103 este cazul, m\u0103surile de remediere a \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rilor. \u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu sesiz\u0103rile primite \u015fi reac\u0163ia statelor vizate, comitetul \u00eentocme\u015fte un <em>raport anual<\/em>, pe care-l \u00eenainteaz\u0103 Adun\u0103rii Generale ONU. Pe baza acestui raport, adunarea general\u0103 poate face recomand\u0103ri statelor vizate. Rezult\u0103 c\u0103 raportul \u00eentocmit de comitet nu are for\u0163\u0103 juridic\u0103 obligatorie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen cazul <em>Pactului interna\u0163ional cu privire la drepturile economice, sociale \u015fi culturale<\/em>, mecanismul de control al respect\u0103rii sale are o for\u0163\u0103 \u015fi mai slab\u0103 dec\u00e2t cel prev\u0103zut pentru pactul privind drepturile civile \u015fi politice. Statele p\u0103r\u0163i au obliga\u0163ia s\u0103 transmit\u0103 periodic, Secretarului general ONU <em>rapoarte<\/em> asupra m\u0103surilor pe care le-au adoptat \u015fi asupra progreselor ob\u0163inute \u00een asigurarea respect\u0103rii drepturilor recunoscute \u00een pact. Secretarul general trimite rapoartele spre examinare Consiliului Economic \u015fi Social al ONU. Rezultatul procedurii nu poate dep\u0103\u015fi nivelul unor recomand\u0103ri f\u0103r\u0103 for\u0163\u0103 obligatorie.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#drepturi-europene\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"drepturi-europene-container\">Europene<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"drepturi-europene-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>\u00cen afar\u0103 de reglementarea drepturilor omului la nivel interna\u0163ional global, s-a procedat \u015fi la reglementarea lor la un nivel ceva mai redus, respectiv la nivel zonal, prin adoptarea unor conven\u0163ii zonale (conven\u0163ii la nivel european, american, african, arab). Astfel, au fost adoptate:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1) <strong>Conven\u0163ia European\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului<\/strong> \u2013 semnat\u0103 \u00een 1950 (la Roma) de statele membre ale Consiliului Europei. A intrat \u00een vigoare \u00een 1953. Consacr\u0103 drepturile omului de prim\u0103 genera\u0163ie, respectiv cele civile \u015fi politice. A fost ratificat\u0103 de Rom\u00e2nia \u00een 1994, prin Legea nr. 30\/1994. De la data ratific\u0103rii, Conven\u0163ia a devenit drept intern pentru Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een sensul c\u0103 ea se aplic\u0103 direct, ca orice lege adoptat\u0103 de parlament, nefiind nevoie de emiterea altor acte normative prin care ea s\u0103 fie transpus\u0103 \u00een legisla\u0163ia na\u0163ional\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mecanismul de asigurare a respect\u0103rii Conven\u0163iei = <strong>Curtea European\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului (CEDO)<\/strong>. CEDO prime\u015fte pl\u00e2ngeri individuale pentru \u00eenc\u0103lcarea Conven\u0163iei \u015fi, foarte important, pronun\u0163\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2ri care au for\u0163\u0103 juridic\u0103 <strong>obligatorie<\/strong> pentru statele p\u0103r\u0163i la Conven\u0163ie. Func\u0163ioneaz\u0103, ca orice organism interna\u0163ional \u00een materie, pe baza <em>principiului subsidiarit\u0103\u0163ii<\/em>. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 ea nu poate fi sesizat\u0103 dec\u00e2t dup\u0103 ce statul vizat a avut ocazia s\u0103 remedieze \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rile Conven\u0163iei, dar nu a f\u0103cut-o. Procedural, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 obligativitatea pentru cel care vrea s\u0103 sesizeze CEDO ca, \u00eenainte de sesizare, s\u0103 epuizeze c\u0103ile interne de atac \u00eempotriva actului de \u00eenc\u0103lcare a dreptului din Conven\u0163ie, adic\u0103 s\u0103 exercite toate modalit\u0103\u0163ile prev\u0103zute \u00een legisla\u0163ia na\u0163ional\u0103 (din statul vizat) pentru remedierea \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rii. Spre exemplu, s\u0103 se adreseze justi\u0163iei na\u0163ionale \u015fi s\u0103 parcurg\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 vreo omisiune, toat\u0103 calea pe care o presupune desf\u0103\u015furarea unui proces, inclusiv cu urmarea tuturor c\u0103ilor de atac obi\u015fnuite de care dispune (mai pu\u0163in cele cu caracter extraordinar).<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#drepturi-americane\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"drepturi-americane-container\">Americane<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"drepturi-americane-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>2) <strong>Conven\u0163ia American\u0103 pentru Drepturile Omului<\/strong> \u2013 semnat\u0103 \u00een 1969 de statele din cadrul Organiza\u0163iei Statelor Americane (OSA). A intrat \u00een vigoare dup\u0103 9 ani, \u00een 1978, dup\u0103 ce a fost ratificat\u0103 de 11 state p\u0103r\u0163i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mecanismul de asigurare a respect\u0103rii Conven\u0163iei = <strong>Comisia<\/strong> Interamerican\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului \u015fi <strong>Curtea<\/strong> American\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comisia prezint\u0103 rapoarte anuale Adun\u0103rii Generale OSA<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Curtea solu\u0163ioneaz\u0103 pl\u00e2ngeri individuale (formulate de particulari) sau cereri interstatale (formulate de state parte). Pu\u0163ine din statele parte au recunoscut competen\u0163a obligatorie a Cur\u0163ii, adic\u0103 s-au obligat s\u0103 asigure executarea hot\u0103r\u00e2rilor Cur\u0163ii. De exemplu, SUA \u015fi Canada nu recunosc jurisdic\u0163ia obligatorie a Cur\u0163ii.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#drepturi-africane\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"drepturi-africane-container\">Africane<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"drepturi-africane-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>3) <strong>Carta African\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului \u015fi ale Popoarelor<\/strong> \u2013 semnat\u0103 \u00een 1981 de statele din cadrul Organiza\u0163iei Unit\u0103\u0163ii Africane (OUA). A intrat \u00een vigoare \u00een 1986, fiind ratificat\u0103 de 53 state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mecanismul de asigurare a respect\u0103rii Cartei = <strong>Comisia<\/strong> African\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului \u015fi Popoarelor \u015fi <strong>Curtea<\/strong> African\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului \u015fi Popoarelor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comisia solu\u0163ioneaz\u0103 pl\u00e2ngeri interstatale (excep\u0163ional, \u015fi pl\u00e2ngeri individuale), dar nu poate emite dec\u00e2t recomand\u0103ri, cuprinse \u00eentr-un raport adresat OUA.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Curtea adopt\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2ri, dar executarea lor depinde de recunoa\u015ftere de c\u0103tre statul parte a jurisdic\u0163iei obligatorii a Cur\u0163ii, situa\u0163ie oarecum similar\u0103 celei din cazul Cur\u0163ii americane.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#drepturi-arabe\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"drepturi-arabe-container\">Arabe<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"drepturi-arabe-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p>4) <strong>Carta Arab\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului<\/strong> \u2013 adoptat\u0103 \u00een 1994 \u015fi reintrat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een vigoare. Carta a fost adoptat\u0103 \u00eentr-o sesiune din 1994 a Consiliului Ligii Arabe, dar nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 ratificat\u0103 de niciun stat din Liga Statelor Arabe, astfel c\u0103 nu a intrat \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een vigoare, de\u015fi au trecut peste 20 de ani de la adoptare.<br \/>\nCarta nu prevede niciun mecanism de control al respect\u0103rii sale, rezum\u00e2ndu-se s\u0103 men\u0163ioneze c\u0103 un colectiv de exper\u0163i desemna\u0163i din fiecare stat parte va examina rapoartele ce vor fi \u00eentocmite de state, f\u0103r\u0103 a putea lua m\u0103suri concrete. \u00cen doctrin\u0103 se exprim\u0103 opinia c\u0103 neratificarea Cartei dup\u0103 at\u00e2t de mult\u0103 vreme de la adoptare poate avea ca explica\u0163ie incompatibilitatea dintre prevederile din Carta \u015fi principiile din legea islamic\u0103, shari\u2019a, privind statutul femeii (considerat\u0103 inferioar\u0103 b\u0103rbatului), pedepsele corporale, pedeapsa cu moartea etc.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"av_toggle_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  >    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  >        <p data-fake-id=\"#drepturi-romanesti\" class=\"toggler \"  itemprop=\"headline\"    role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"drepturi-romanesti-container\">Rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti<span class=\"toggle_icon\" >        <span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>        <div id=\"drepturi-romanesti-container\" class=\"toggle_wrap \"  >            <div class=\"toggle_content invers-color \"  itemprop=\"text\"   ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rom\u00e2nia este din 1994 stat parte la \u201e<em>Conven\u0163ia european\u0103 pentru ap\u0103rarea drepturilor omului \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ilor fundamental<\/em>e\u201d<\/strong> \u015fi se supune jurisdic\u0163iei Cur\u0163ii Europene a Drepturilor Omului de la Strasbourg. De asemenea, \u00een cadrul Uniunii Europene, Rom\u00e2nia a semnat \u00een decembrie 2007 Tratatul de la Lisabona care con\u0163ine \u201e<em>Carta Drepturilor Fundamentale<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen accep\u0163iunea general\u0103, drepturile civile \u015fi politice sunt drepturi fundamentale de prim\u0103 genera\u0163ie \u015fi constituie nucleul no\u0163iunii de drepturi ale omului. Ele includ dreptul la via\u0163\u0103, dreptul de a nu fi supus relelor tratamente, dreptul la libertate, dreptul la respectarea vie\u0163ii private \u015fi de familie, dreptul la respectarea coresponden\u0163ei etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Drepturile de a doua genera\u0163ie adaug\u0103 un nou nivel de protec\u0163ie, \u00een sferele economic\u0103, social\u0103 \u015fi cultural\u0103. Cu titlu de exemplu, acestea sunt dreptul la protec\u0163ie special\u0103 pentru b\u0103tr\u00e2ni sau persoane cu dizabilit\u0103\u0163i, dreptul la un mediu s\u0103n\u0103tos, libertatea artelor \u015fi a \u015ftiin\u0163elor, liberul acces la cultur\u0103 etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conven\u0163ia European\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului consacr\u0103 nucleul general de drepturi civile \u015fi politice. Constitu\u0163ia Rom\u00e2niei are o sfer\u0103 mai larg\u0103 de protec\u0163ie \u015fi include \u015fi drepturi sociale, economice \u015fi culturale. O sfer\u0103 \u015fi mai larg\u0103 de protec\u0163ie o confer\u0103 Carta drepturilor fundamentale recent semnat\u0103 \u00een cadrul Uniunii Europene.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Baza reglement\u0103rii interne a drepturilor omului \u00een Rom\u00e2nia este Constitu\u0163ia.<\/strong> \u00cen doctrin\u0103, s-a convenit c\u0103 drepturile \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ile prev\u0103zute \u00een Constitu\u0163ie sunt \u201efundamentale\u201d pentru c\u0103 au fost consacrate \u00een cel mai important act normativ la nivel na\u0163ional. Pentru drepturile prev\u0103zute \u00een reglement\u0103rile interna\u0163ionale, \u00eens\u0103, doctrina nu este la fel de sigur\u0103 \u015fi clar\u0103 c\u00e2nd este vorba de no\u0163iunea de \u201efundamental\u201d, tendin\u0163a fiind de a \u00eencadra \u00een aceast\u0103 categorie drepturile \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ile (practic, libert\u0103\u0163ile au acela\u015fi regim \u015fi \u00een\u0163eles ca \u015fi drepturile) care sunt esen\u0163ial legate de persoana \u015fi personalitatea uman\u0103 \u015fi care, \u00een acela\u015fi timp, sunt protejate prin instrumente\/mecanisme eficiente. Discu\u0163ia r\u0103m\u00e2ne deschis\u0103 pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Constitu\u0163ia prevede \u00een capitolul II, intitulat \u201cDrepturile \u015fi libert\u0103\u0163ile fundamentale\u201d (art. 22-52) drepturile civile \u015fi politice \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cele economice, sociale \u015fi culturale, fiind inspirat\u0103, probabil, de sistemul mixt de men\u0163ionare din Declara\u0163ia Universal\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului din 1948.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Exist\u0103 cazuri \u00een care Constitu\u0163ia are prevederi mai favorabile pentru drepturile omului dec\u00e2t Conven\u0163ia european\u0103. Spre exemplu, \u00een reglementarea Conven\u0163iei, care se \u00eentrege\u015fte organic cu jurispruden\u0163a CEDO, re\u0163inerea unei persoane poate avea durata maxim\u0103 de 3 zile (72 de ore). Constitu\u0163ia prevede expres c\u0103 o persoan\u0103 nu poate fi re\u0163inut\u0103 mai mult de 24 de ore.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een Conven\u0163ia european\u0103 sunt prev\u0103zute standarde minimale pentru drepturile omului, sub care nu se poate cobor\u00ee de c\u0103tre statele p\u0103r\u0163i la Conven\u0163ie. Dar, \u00een acela\u015fi timp, statele p\u0103r\u0163i pot stabili standarde pentru drepturile omului chiar mai favorabile dec\u00e2t cele prev\u0103zute \u00een Conven\u0163ie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen acela\u015fi timp, Constitu\u0163ia con\u0163ine o prevedere \u00een sensul c\u0103 dac\u0103 exist\u0103 neconcordan\u0163e \u00eentre reglement\u0103rile interne \u015fi cele interna\u0163ionale privind drepturile omului, prioritatea revine acelor reglement\u0103ri mai favorabile pentru drepturile omului, indiferent dac\u0103 fac parte dintr-o lege intern\u0103 sau interna\u0163ional\u0103 (art. 20 al. 2 din Constitu\u0163ie). Aceasta \u00eensemna \u015fi c\u0103 dac\u0103 unele prevederi din Constitu\u0163ie sunt mai restrictive cu privire la drepturile omului dec\u00e2t unele reglement\u0103ri interna\u0163ionale, pe plan na\u0163ional nu se vor aplica prevederile constitu\u0163ionale restrictive, ci reglement\u0103rile interna\u0163ionale mai favorabile drepturilor omului.<\/p>\n            <\/div>        <\/div>    <\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div  style=' margin-top:8px; margin-bottom:8px;'  class='hr hr-custom hr-center hr-icon-no   avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_toggle_container  el_before_av_notification '><span class='hr-inner  inner-border-av-border-none' style=' width:50px;' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div id='avia-messagebox-' class='avia_message_box  avia-color-blue avia-size-large avia-icon_select-no avia-border-  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock '><div class='avia_message_box_content' ><p>Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere preciz\u0103rile de mai sus, se poate afirma c\u0103 APADOR-CH \u201ese ocup\u0103\u201d de o anumit\u0103 parte a drepturilor de prim\u0103 genera\u0163ie (civile \u015fi politice), dintre cele prev\u0103zute \u00een Conven\u0163ia European\u0103 a Drepturilor Omului.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pentru mai multe informa\u021bii despre ce sunt drepturile omului, cum pot fi ele interpretate \u0219i revendicate, citi\u021bi \u0219i<a href=\"https:\/\/apador.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/manual-DO-proof.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Manualul drepturilor omului<\/a>, editat de APADOR-CH<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"color: #2d5c88; text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apador.org\/drepturi-absolute-si-drepturi-relative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drepturi absolute \u015fi drepturi relative<\/a><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div  style=' margin-top:1px; margin-bottom:10px;'  class='hr hr-custom hr-left hr-icon-no   avia-builder-el-5  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><span class='hr-inner  inner-border-av-border-thin' style=' width:100%;' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/apador.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11869\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-ro\" title=\"Rom\u00e2n\u0103\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>\n<p>Drepturile omului: universale, americane, europene, africane, arabe, rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11869","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11869"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12030,"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11869\/revisions\/12030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apador.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}